Trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality in Brazil, 2000-2016: a multiple-cause-of-death study

OBJECTIVES: Remarkable changes in the epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have occurred in many countries during last few decades, which have also affected Brazilian mortality concurrently. This study aimed to investigate mortality trends related to AAA mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2016. METHODS: Annual AAA mortality data was extracted from the public databases of the Mortality Information System, and processed by the Multiple Cause Tabulator. RESULTS: In Brazil, 2000 through 2016, AAA occurred in 69,513 overall deaths; in 79.6% as underlying and in 20.4% as an associated cause of death, corresponding to rates respectively of 2.45, 1.95 and 0.50 deaths per 100,000 population; 65.4% male and 34.6% female; 60.6% in the Southeast region. The mean ages at death were 71.141 years overall, and 70.385 years and 72.573 years for men and women, respectively. Ruptured AAA occurred in 64.3% of the deaths where AAA was an underlying cause, and in 18.0% of the deaths where AAA was an associated cause. The standardized rates increased during 2000-2008, followed by a decrease during 2008-2016, resulting in an average annual percent change decline of -0.2 (confidence interval [CI], -0.5 to 0.2) for the entire 2000-2016 period. As associated causes, shock (39.2%), hemorrhages (33.0%), and hypertensive diseases (26.7%) prevailed with ruptured aneurysms, while hypertensive diseases (29.4%) were associated with unruptured aneurysms. A significant seasonal variation, highest during autumn and followed by in winter, was observed in the overall ruptured and unruptured AAA deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need to accurately document epidemiologic trends related to AAA in Brazil. We demonstrate the burden of AAA on mortality in older individuals, and our results may assist with effective planning of mortality prevention and control in patients with AAA.

Is routine screening for silent pulmonary embolism justified in patients with deep vein thrombosis? / Existe justificativa para o rastreio de embolia pulmonar silenciosa em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda?

Abstract The incidence of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) exceeds 70% in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), even in cases of distal deep vein thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with a diagnosis of DVT in the lower left limb associated with asymptomatic PE who presented late symptoms due to this same PE. The absence of acute symptoms and the late onset of symptoms could have provoked doubts about the most appropriate treatment, resulting in unnecessary interventions, if pulmonary embolism had not already been diagnosed with tomography. In the present case, we demonstrate that computed tomography angiography conducted at the time of DVT diagnosis accurately diagnosed PE and prevented any misinterpretation of recurrent DVT in a patient already being medicated, which could have been mistakenly interpreted as demonstrating failure of anticoagulant therapy. Such a situation could lead to unnecessary intervention to fit an inferior vena cava filter. We cannot suggest that a classic medical conduct should be reformulated simply on the basis of a case report. However, we would be remiss not to suggest that well-designed studies should be carried out in the future to assess the need for this examination in the acute phase.

Resumo A ocorrência de embolia pulmonar assintomática em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda tem uma incidência que excede 70%, mesmo nos casos de trombose venosa profunda distal. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda no membro inferior esquerdo associado a embolia pulmonar assintomática, que apresentou sintomas tardios devido a essa mesma embolia. A ausência de sintomas agudos e o surgimento de sintomas tardios pode suscitar dúvidas quanto ao tratamento mais adequado e resultar em intervenções desnecessárias, se o diagnóstico tomográfico de embolia pulmonar não tiver sido feito anteriormente. No presente caso, demonstramos que uma angiotomografia realizada no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda detectou a embolia pulmonar e evitou uma interpretação incorreta de um evento trombótico recorrente na vigência de anticoagulação, o que por engano demonstraria uma falha na terapia anticoagulante. Essa situação pode levar a intervenções desnecessárias, como o implante de filtro de veia cava inferior. Entendemos que apenas um relato de caso não deve mudar uma conduta médica já estabelecida; no entanto, fomenta a discussão e estimula estudos que avaliem a necessidade de um exame diagnóstico pulmonar no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda.

An alternative approach to treatment of inferior vena cava filter perforation / Tratamento alternativo para perfuração de veia cava inferior por filtro

Abstract We report a case of inferior vena cava filter perforation immediately after filter implantation, recognized intraoperatively in a patient undergoing laparotomy for resection of locally advanced ovarian cancer. We describe an alternative approach with strut resection, less invasive than filter removal, enabling the device to be maintained and bleeding to be controlled.

Resumo Relatamos um caso de perfuração de veia cava inferior imediatamente após o implante de um filtro. A complicação foi reconhecida no intraoperatório de uma laparotomia para ressecção de um câncer de ovário localmente avançado. Descrevemos uma abordagem alternativa, menos invasiva do que a remoção do filtro, consistindo na ressecção das hastes do dispositivo. Essa abordagem permitiu a manutenção do filtro e o controle efetivo do sangramento.

Brachial insertion of fully implantable venous catheters for chemotherapy: complications and quality of life assessment in 35 patients / Inserção braquial de cateteres venosos totalmente implantáveis para quimioterapia: complicações e avaliação da qualidade de vida em 35 pacientes

ABSTRACT Objective To prospectively evaluate the perioperative safety, early complications and satisfaction of patients who underwent the implantation of central catheters peripherally inserted via basilic vein. Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients with active oncologic disease requiring chemotherapy were prospectively followed up after undergoing peripheral implantation of indwelling venous catheters, between November 2013 and June 2014. The procedures were performed in the operating room by the same team of three vascular surgeons. The primary endpoints assessed were early postoperative complications, occurring within 30 days after implantation. The evaluation of patient satisfaction was based on a specific questionnaire used in previous studies. Results In all cases, ultrasound-guided puncture of the basilic vein was feasible and the procedure successfully completed. Early complications included one case of basilic vein thrombophlebitis and one case of pocket infection that did not require device removal. Out of 35 patients interviewed, 33 (94.3%) would recommend the device to other patients. Conclusion Implanting brachial ports is a feasible option, with low intraoperative risk and similar rates of early postoperative complications when compared to the existing data of the conventional technique. The patients studied were satisfied with the device and would recommend the procedure to others.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar prospectivamente segurança perioperatória, complicações precoces e grau de satisfação de pacientes submetidos ao implante de cateteres centrais de inserção periférica pela veia basílica. Métodos Foram acompanhados prospectivamente e submetidos ao implante de cateteres de longa permanência de inserção periférica, entre novembro de 2013 e junho de 2014, 35 pacientes consecutivos com doença oncológica ativa necessitando de quimioterapia. Os procedimentos foram realizados em centro cirúrgico por uma mesma equipe composta por três cirurgiões vasculares. Os desfechos primários avaliados foram as complicações pós-operatórias precoces, ocorridas em até 30 dias após o implante. A avaliação do grau de satisfação foi realizada com base na aplicação de um questionário específico já utilizado em estudos prévios. Resultados Em todos os casos, a punção ecoguiada da veia basílica foi possível, e o procedimento foi concluído com sucesso. As complicações precoces observadas incluíram um caso de tromboflebite de basílica e um de infecção de bolsa, ambos tratados clinicamente sem necessidade de retirada do dispositivo. Dos 35 pacientes interrogados, 33 (94,3%) recomendariam o dispositivo para outras pessoas. Conclusão A implantação do port braquial é uma opção factível, com baixo risco intraoperatório e taxas semelhantes de complicações pós-operatórias imediatas quando comparada a dados já existentes da técnica convencional. Os pacientes estudados apresentaram-se satisfeitos com o dispositivo e recomendariam o procedimento para outras pessoas.

Uso combinado de endoprótese GORE TAG® e Gore Exculder® para tratamento de aneurisma de aorta abdominal com angulação extrema / Combined use of GORE TAG® and Gore Exculder® endografts for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm with severe angulation

O avanço tecnológico da cirurgia endovascular no tratamento de aneurismas de aorta vem permitindo que uma maior quantidade de pacientes, antes considerados inaptos para essa abordagem, beneficie-se dessa modalidade terapêutica. Apesar da atual disponibilidade de endopróteses com alta conformabilidade, casos com anatomia desfavorável permanecem um desafio para os cirurgiões. Descrevemos um caso anatomicamente desfavorável, resolvido com sucesso pela técnica endovascular, utilizando-se uma manobra não convencional.

The advances in endovascular surgery for treatment of aortic aneurysms have allowed a greater number of patients, who were previously considered unsuitable for the approach, to benefit from this therapeutic modality. Despite the current availability of highly comfortable endografts, cases with unfavorable anatomy remain a challenge for surgeons. We report a case with difficult anatomy that was successfully managed using an unconventional endovascular technique.

Long-term results of oxybutynin use in treating facial hyperhidrosis

BACKGROUND: Facial hyperhidrosis can lead to serious emotional distress. Video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy resolves symptoms effectively, though it may be associated with compensatory hyperhidrosis, which may be more common in patients undergoing resection of the second thoracic ganglion. Oxybutynin has been used as a pharmacological approach to facial hyperhidrosis but the long-term results of this treatment are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of low oxybutynin doses in facial hyperhidrosis patients for at least six months. METHODS: 61 patients were monitored for over six months and assessed according to the following variables: impact of hyperhidrosis on quality of life (QOL) before treatment and after six weeks, evolution of facial hyperhidrosis after six weeks and at the last consultation, complaints of dry mouth after six weeks and on last return visit, and improvement at other hyperhidrosis sites. RESULTS: Patients were monitored for 6 to 61 months (median=17 months). Thirty-six (59%) were female. Age ranged from 17-74 (median:45). Pre-treatment QOL was poor/very poor in 96.72%. After six weeks, 100% of patients improved QOL. Comparing results after six weeks and on the last visit, 91.8% of patients maintained the same category of improvement in facial hyperhidrosis, 3.3% worsened and 4.9% improved. Dry mouth complaints were common but not consistent throughout treatment. More than 90% of patients presented moderate/great improvement at other hyperhidrosis sites. CONCLUSION: Patients who had a good initial response to treatment maintained a good response long-term, did not display tachiphylaxis and experienced improvement on other hyperhidrosis sites. .

Treatment of uncommon sites of focal primary hyperhidrosis: experience with pharmacological therapy using oxybutynin

OBJECTIVES: Primary hyperhidrosis usually affects the hands, armpits, feet and cranio-facial region. Sweating in other areas is common in secondary hyperhidrosis (after surgery or in specific clinical conditions). Oxybutynin has provided good results and is an alternative for treating hyperhidrosis at common sites. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of oxybutynin as a treatment for primary sweating at uncommon sites (e.g., the back and groin). METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 20 patients (10 females) who received oxybutynin for primary focal hyperhidrosis at uncommon sites. The subjects were evaluated to determine quality of life before beginning oxybutynin and six weeks afterward and they were assigned grades (on a scale from 0 to 10) to measure their improvement at each site of excessive sweating after six weeks and at the last consult. RESULTS: The median follow-up time with oxybutynin was 385 days (133-1526 days). The most common sites were the back (n = 7) and groin (n = 5). After six weeks, the quality of life improved in 85% of the subjects. Dry mouth was very common and was reported by 16 patients, 12 of whom reported moderate/severe dry mouth. Five patients stopped treatment (two: unbearable dry mouth, two: excessive somnolence and one: palpitations). At the last visit, 80% of patients presented with moderate/great improvement at the main sites of sweating. CONCLUSION: After six weeks, more than 80% of the patients presented with improvements in their overall quality of life and at the most important site of sweating. Side effects were common (80% reported at least one side effect) and caused 25% of the patients to discontinue treatment. Oxybutynin is effective for treating bothersome hyperhidrosis, even at atypical locations and most patients cope well with the side effects. .

Ethanol sclerotherapy of head and neck venous malformations / Escleroterapia com etanol em malformações venosas da cabeça e pescoço

Objective This retrospective study evaluated the results of sclerotherapy with low doses of ethanol for treatment of head and neck venous malformations. Methods We treated 51 patients, 37 females. Median age was 23 years. Patients were treated with percutaneous intralesional injection of alcohol every two weeks and followed up prospectively for a median period of 18 months. Most lesions affected the face and cosmetic disfigurement was the most frequent complaint. Results We performed a median of 7 sessions of sclerotherapy. Complete resolution or improvement was observed in 48 patients presented. Five cases of small skin ulceration, two cases of hyperpigmentation and two of paresthesia were documented; all of them were treated conservatively. Conclusion Percutaneous sclerotherapy with low doses of ethanol is a safe and effective treatment modality for venous malformations affecting the head and neck. .

Objetivo Estudo retrospectivo que analisou os resultados da escleroterapia, com doses baixas de etanol, realizada sob anestesia local para tratamento de malformações venosas na cabeça e pescoço. Métodos Foram tratados 51 pacientes, sendo 37 do gênero feminino. A mediana de idade foi de 23 anos. Os pacientes foram tratados com injeções alcoólicas nas lesões, por via percutânea, em sessões quinzenais, e acompanhados prospectivamente por um período mediano de 18 meses. A maioria das lesões acometia a face e a queixa principal mais frequente foi deformidade estética. Resultados Foram realizadas, em média, sete sessões de escleroterapia. Resolução completa ou melhora foi observada em 48 pacientes. Cinco pacientes apresentaram pequena úlcera cutânea, dois hiperpigmentação e dois parestesia, sendo todos tratados conservadoramente. Conclusão A escleroterapia percutânea com doses baixas de etanol é um método seguro e eficaz para tratar malformações venosas na cabeça e pescoço. .

Analysis of oxybutynin treatment for hyperhidrosis in patients aged over 40 years / Análise do tratamento de hiperidrose com oxibutinina em pacientes com mais de 40 anos

Objective : Our aim was to analyze the effectiveness of oxybutynin for hyperhidrosis treatment in patients over 40 years. Methods : Eighty-seven patients aged over 40 years were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 48 (55.2%) patients aged between 40 and 49 years, and another was composed of 39 (44.8%) patients aged over 50 years (50 to 74 years). A comparative analysis of Quality of Life and level of hyperhidrosis between the groups was carried out 6 weeks after a protocol treatment with oxybutynin. A validated clinical questionnaire was used for evaluation. Results : In the younger age group, 75% of patients referred a “partial” or “great” improvement in level of hyperhidrosis after treatment. This number was particularly impressive in patients over 50 years, in which 87.2% of the cases demonstrated similar levels of improvement. Over 77% of patients in both groups demonstrated improvement in Quality of Life. Excellent outcomes were observed in older patients, in which 87.1% of patients presented “slightly better” (41%) or “much better” (46.1%) improvement. Conclusion : Patients aged over 40 years with hyperhidrosis presented excellent results after oxybutynin treatment. These outcomes were particularly impressive in the age group over 50 years, in which most patients had significant improvement in Quality of Life and in level of hyperhidrosis. .

Objetivo : Analisar a efetividade da oxibutinina para tratamento da hiperidrose em pacientes com mais de 40 anos. Métodos : Oitenta e sete pacientes com idade superior a 40 anos foram divididos em dois grupos: o primeiro com 48 pacientes (55,2%), com idades entre 40 e 49 anos. O segundo com 39 pacientes (44,8%), com mais de 50 anos (intervalo: 50 a 74 anos). Uma análise comparativa da Qualidade de Vida e do nível de hiperidrose entre os grupos foi realizada 6 semanas após o início do tratamento com oxibutinina. Para isso, foi utilizado um questionário validado para Qualidade de Vida. Resultados : No grupo mais jovem, 75% dos pacientes referiram melhora “parcial” ou “ótima” no nível de hiperidrose após o tratamento. Esse número foi particularmente impressionante em pacientes acima de 50 anos, sendo que 87,2% apresentaram níveis similares de melhora. Mais de 77% dos pacientes, em ambos os grupos, demonstraram melhora na Qualidade de Vida. Desfechos excelentes foram observados em pacientes mais idosos, dentre os quais 87,1% dos pacientes apresentaram melhora “pouco melhor” (41%) ou “muito melhor” (46,1%). Conclusão : Os pacientes acima de 40 anos com hiperidrose tiveram excelentes resultados com o tratamento com oxibutinina. Esses desfechos foram particularmente importantes nos pacientes com mais de 50 anos, nos quais a maioria apresentou melhora da Qualidade de Vida e da hiperidrose. .

Revisão de 15 casos submetidos a oclusão temporária bilateral de artéria ilíaca interna em pacientes com alto risco para hemorragia obstétrica / Review of the cases of 15 patients at high risk of obstetric hemorrhage who underwent temporary bilateral occlusion of internal iliac arteries

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados de 15 pacientes com elevado risco de sangramento obstétrico, submetidas ao implante de catéteres balão profilático para oclusão temporária das artérias hipogástricas. MÉTODOS: Uma análise retrospectiva foi realizada com base em prontuários de 15 pacientes submetidas ao implante de catéteres balão profilático, de janeiro/2008 a dezembro/2011. Todas as pacientes incluídas no estudo foram diagnosticadas no período antenatal com doença placentária associada a alto risco de hemorragia obstétrica. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das pacientes estudadas foi de 36 anos (32-42 anos). Nove pacientes eram portadoras de acretismo placentário, quatro possuíam placenta prévia, uma estava com gestação ectópica e uma apresentava miomatose uterina e coagulopatia associada a Lupus Eritematosos Sistêmico. O volume total de contraste utilizado para o procedimento variou entre 20 e 160 ml (média de 84 ml). A média do número total de dias de internação e o número de dias de internação após o procedimento foram, respectivamente, 12,4 e 4,9 dias. Em oito (53%) casos, não houve necessidade de transfusão sanguínea no intraoperatório ou após a cirurgia. A média do número de unidades de sangue transfundida foi 2,06. A única complicação associada ao procedimento foi a trombose arterial de artéria ilíaca externa, observada em dois casos. CONCLUSÃO: A oclusão temporária de artérias hipogástricas é um método seguro e efetivo para controle de hemorragia em pacientes com elevado risco de sangramento obstétrico, quando realizado por equipe experiente. Os resultados deste estudo são observacionais, retrospectivos e não randomizados; portanto, ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of 15 cases of patients at high risk of obstetric hemorrhage who underwent prophylactic temporary occlusion of internal iliac arteries. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of 15 patients who underwent prophylactic balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries between January 2008 and December 2011. All patients included in the study were diagnosed antenatally with a placental disease associated with a high risk of obstetric hemorrhage. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 36 years (32-42 years). Nine patients had placenta accreta, 4 had placenta previa, 1 had an ectopic pregnancy and 1 had uterine fibroids and coagulopathy associated with systemic lupus erythematous. The total volume of contrast used in each procedure ranged from 20 to 160 ml (mean 84 ml). The average total number of days in hospital and the average number of days in hospital after the procedure were 12.4 and 4.9 days respectively. In 8 (53%) cases there was no need for blood transfusion during surgery or after surgery. The mean number of units of blood transfused was 2.06. The only complication associated with the procedure was arterial thrombosis of the external iliac artery, observed in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Temporary occlusion of hypogastric arteries is a safe and effective method for control of bleeding in patients at high risk of obstetric hemorrhage, when performed by experienced staff. The results of this study are observational, retrospective and nonrandomized, therefore we cannot support the routine use of this technique, however, we can include it our arsenal to treat selected cases with potentially unstable hemodynamics. .

Effectiveness of oxybutynin for treatment of hyperhidrosis in overweight and obese patients / Eficácia da oxibutina no tratamento de hiperidrose em pacientes com sobrepeso e obesos

OBJECTIVE: Until the present moment, the lack of efficient therapeutic options available for hyperhidrosis treatment in obese patients has left this population without prospect of clinical or quality of life (QOL) improvements. Outcomes of oxybutynin treatment for overweight and obese patients with hyperhidrosis are unknown. This study aims to investigate the results related to clinical and QOL improvements in this specific population, submitted to a 12-week protocol treatment with oxybutynin. METHODS: 559 patients with palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis, routinely followed in this service, were divided into the groups, according to their body mass index (BMI) (< 25 kg/m²; 25 < bmi < 30 kg/m², > 30 kg/m²). Improvements in QOL and in the level of hyperhidrosis were analyzed after 12 weeks of protocol treatment with oxybutynin. These parameters were investigated using a scoring system based on a scientifically validated clinical questionnaire, applied before and after treatment. RESULTS: 67.8% of the overweight sample group and 63% of the obese patients presented "partial" or "great" improvement in the level of hyperhidrosis. Over 65% of patients demonstrated improvement in QOL ("much better" or "slightly better") for all three groups, with no statistical difference between them. The only adverse event associated with oxybutynin was dry mouth, observed in 63.0% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Overweight and obese patients with palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis present significant improvement in QOL after treatment with oxybutynin, and the results are comparable to those of normal weight individuals.

OBJETIVO: A falta de alternativas terapêuticas para o tratamento de pacientes obesos com Hiperidrose hiperidrose deixa essa população sem perspectiva de melhorar suas condições clínicas e qualidade de vida. Resultados do tratamento com oxibutinina especificamenteempacientes com sobrepeso ou obesidade são desconhecidos até o presente momento. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar os resultados relacionados à melhora clínica e qualidade de vida dessa população, após um protocolo de tratamento de 12 semanas com oxibutinina. MÉODOS: 559 pacientes com hiperidrose palmar e axilar, foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com seu índice de massa corporal (IMC) (< 25 kg/m²; 25 < IMC < 30 kg/m², > 30 kg/m²). Dados sobre evolução na qualidade de vida e nível de hiperidrose foram avaliados com base em um questionário validado cientificamente, aplicado antes e após o tratamento com oxibutinina. RESULTADOS: 67.8% dos pacientes com sobrepeso e 63% dos obesos apresentaram melhora clínica "grande" ou "parcial" no nível da hiperidrose. Mais de 65% dos pacientes relataram melhora na qualidade de vida ("muito melhor" ou "um pouco melhor") para os três grupos, sem diferença estatística entre eles. O único efeito colateral observado foi boca seca, presente em 63.0% da amostra. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade portadores de hiperidrose palmar ou axilar apresentaram melhora significativa na qualidade de vida após o tratamento com oxibutinina, sendo os resultados comparáveis aos de indivíduos com peso normal.

Oxybutynin treatment for hyperhidrosis: a comparative analysis between genders / Oxibutinina para tratamento de hiperidrose: análise comparativa entre gêneros

OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis treatment in males and females using low doses of oxybutynin. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 395 women and 170 men followed up in our service with complaint of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. RESULTS: A total of 70% of patients in both groups presented partial or great improvement in the level of hyperhidrosis after treatment. The best results were obtained in the female group, in which 40% classified their improvement as "great". Approximately 70% of the patients in both groups improved their quality of life after medical therapy and 30% presented no change in condition. CONCLUSION: Gender is not a factor that significantly interferes in oxybutynin treatment results. Quality of life indices and clinical improvement level were similar in men and women.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento com baixas doses de oxibutinina em homens e mulheres com hiperidrose palmar e axilar. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 395 mulheres e 170 homens acompanhados em nosso serviço com queixa de hiperidrose palmar e plantar, submetidos a um protocolo de 12 semanas de tratamento com oxibutinina. Melhora clínica da hiperidrose e da qualidade de vida foram estudadas por meio de um questionário específico, aplicado antes e após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Dentre os pacientes em ambos os grupos, 70% apresentaram melhoria parcial ou grande no nível de hiperidrose após o tratamento. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos no grupo feminino, no qual 40% classificaram sua evolução como "ótima". Aproximadamente 70% dos pacientes em ambos os grupos melhoraram sua qualidade de vida após a terapia médica e 30% não apresentaram mudança da condição inicial. CONCLUSÃO: Gênero é um fator que não interfere significativamente nos resultados do tratamento com oxibutinina. Os índices de qualidade de vida e o grau de melhora clínica da hiperidrose foram semelhantes em homens e mulheres.

Eventos adversos após vacinação contra o pneumococo / Adverse events after pneumococcal vaccination

OBJETIVO: Estudar a ocorrência de eventos adversos após aplicação da vacina polissacarídea capsular contra 23 sorotipos do pneumococo em indivíduos com indicação clínica, em Sumaré (SP) (630.000 habitantes). MÉTODOS: Foram investigados prospectivamente 152 indivíduos após vacinação (0,5 mL intramuscular Pneumo23® Aventis Pasteur, Espanha) em um hospital geral. A variável de estudo foi a queixa de pelo menos um sintoma com nexo temporal com a vacina, isto é, nas primeiras 48 h após a aplicação. Os indivíduos foram investigados de cinco a sete dias após a vacinação. As co-variáveis idade, sexo e indicação clínica foram testadas pelo método Qui-quadrado e pelo modelo logístico múltiplo, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: A idade da população variou de cinco a 86 anos (média de 61,8 anos). A quase totalidade dos indivíduos recebeu a primeira dose na ocasião (99 por cento). Notificou-se a ocorrência de eventos locais em 36 indivíduos (23,7 por cento), entre os quais 68 por cento foram leves, sem repercussão nas atividades diárias. A dor no local da aplicação foi o sintoma mais freqüentemente relatado, por 97,2 por cento dos indivíduos. Eritema e edema local estiveram presentes em 6,3 por cento e 5,1 por cento dos casos, respectivamente. Foram referidos sintomas gerais por 12,8 por cento dos investigados (mal-estar, febre, sonolência, dor no corpo). Nenhuma co-variável relacionou-se estatisticamente com os eventos adversos na análise bivariada (p > 0,20), sendo que a análise múltipla mostrou os mesmos resultados. CONCLUSÃO: A vacina pneumocócica 23-valente é pouco reatogênica na primeira dose, e é ainda pouco indicada na região, mesmo em pacientes de indicação clínica.

OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence of adverse events after administration of a capsular polysaccharide vaccine against 23 pneumococcal serotypes in individuals for whom such vaccination is indicated. METHODS: This was a prospective study, conducted in a general hospital in the city of Sumaré, in which 152 individuals were evaluated after intramuscular vaccination with 0.5 mL of the Pneumo 23® vaccine. The study variable was subject complaint of at least one symptom forming a temporal nexus with the vaccine (appearing within 48 h after its administration). The subjects were evaluated at five to seven days after vaccination. The covariables age, gender and clinical profile were tested using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression, with the level of significance set at 5 percent. RESULTS: The age of the population ranged from 5 to 86 years (mean, 61.8 years). For nearly all (99 percent) of the subjects, the vaccination evaluated was their first dose of the vaccine. Events occurring at the injection site were reported in 36 subjects (23.7 percent). Of those 36 events, 24 (68 percent) were mild and had no repercussions for the daily activities of the subjects. Pain at the site of the injection was the most common symptom, being reported by 97.2 percent of the subjects. Erythema and localized edema were found in 6.3 percent and 5.1 percent of the subjects, respectively. Of the subjects evaluated, 12.8 percent reported general symptoms (malaise, fever, sleepiness and generalized pain). In the bivariate analysis, none of the covariables were found to present a statistically significant correlation with adverse events (p > 0.20). The same held true in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Although, the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine provokes few reactions in the first dose, it is still rarely recommended in the region, even for patients at risk.